Investigating and borrowing the conceptual metaphor of Zarwani time in traditional poetry with emphasis on Ferdowsi, Nasser Khosrow, Khayyam and Hafez

The concept of time has been in the center of attention of Iranian thought since ancient times and in the works of Persian poets, it has a reflection influenced by the Zarwani religion and is associated with god-like attributes and actions; The studies of this article show that poets have used the mechanisms of conceptual metaphors to achieve an objective understanding of time. The conceptual metaphors used in their works are in line with what is being proposed today in the theory of George Lycoff and Mark Johnson; On this basis, many correspondences have been formed and these correspondences have led to two maps: "time is like a human being" and "time is capital"; From these two maps, two names of "time is a human being" and "time of gold" are obtained. Also, the concept of time in mythological, epic, philosophical-theological and lyrical attitudes is reflected in the poetry of Ferdowsi, Naser Khosrow, Khayyam and Hafez and is one of the intellectual foundations of these attitudes in their works and each of these aspects has its own specificity. . Myth and epic in Ferdowsi's poetry have led to repetitive selfishness and heroic selfishness, respectively; Philosophy in Khayyam's quatrains has chosen the selfishness of happiness and joy, and Naser Khosrow's theological attitude has ended in the selfishness of religious struggle, which also relies on reason and knowledge, but is strongly opposed to happiness and sadness. Finally, the lyrical aspect of Hafez's poetry suggests a loving self.